Pinealon 10mg

Pinealon – 10mg

At a Glance

• Peptide Type: Synthetic short bioregulator tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg)
• Primary Research Areas: Neuroprotection, cognitive function, gene expression, oxidative stress
• Mechanism of Interest: Proposed peptide interaction with DNA and regulation of transcriptional activity
• Structural Features: Three residues only, giving low molecular weight and favourable tissue distribution

Overview

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide of glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine, written in single-letter notation as EDR. It belongs to the family of short bioregulator peptides that emerged from research into pineal gland extracts, where scientists set out to identify the smallest molecular fragments capable of carrying biological information between cells. At three residues and roughly 418 daltons, Pinealon sits at the extreme lower end of the peptide scale, and that compactness is central to why it attracts attention. Research interest is concentrated in the neurosciences, particularly around neuronal resilience, cognitive processes and the cellular handling of oxidative stress.

Scientific Background

Short bioregulator peptides occupy an unusual position in peptide science. Conventional signalling peptides are large enough to fold and to engage surface receptors through shape complementarity. A tripeptide cannot do this in the same way, which raises the question of how molecules this small are associated with specific cellular responses at all. Pinealon has become one of the standard reference compounds used to examine that question, and it is studied both for its own properties and as a model for the wider field of peptide bioregulation, which remains actively debated.

Mechanism of Interest

The leading hypothesis is that very short peptides pass through the nuclear envelope and associate directly with DNA, particularly within promoter regions that govern whether a gene is transcribed. Glutamate, aspartate and arginine each carry charged side chains, giving Pinealon a recognisable electrostatic profile that could, in principle, complement particular base sequences. If the model holds, it would describe a regulatory layer sitting beneath the familiar transcription factor system, in which small peptide fragments act as coarse tuning signals on gene expression rather than as receptor ligands. Current investigations focus on binding specificity, on whether observed transcriptional changes are direct or secondary, and on which gene families appear most responsive.

Research Focus Areas

1. Gene Expression. Pinealon is used to probe whether short peptides interact directly with promoter regions of DNA and influence transcriptional activity, a question central to the short bioregulator field.
2. Neuronal Resilience and Oxidative Stress. Investigations have examined neuronal cultures under hypoxia, glutamate excess and elevated reactive oxygen species, with attention on antioxidant enzyme systems, lipid peroxidation markers and the balance between apoptotic and survival signalling.
3. Cognitive Function and Neuroplasticity. Work in laboratory models has looked at learning acquisition, memory retention and performance under stress, alongside the mechanistic question of whether neurotrophic or synaptic signalling is involved.
4. Mitochondrial Function. Research has examined membrane potential, respiratory activity and redox balance, with an open question over whether any mitochondrial changes are direct or downstream of altered gene expression.
5. Bioavailability and Barrier Penetration. Low molecular weight places Pinealon within the range where passive diffusion and peptide transporter systems become plausible routes of entry, which is why central nervous system research on the compound is considered tractable.

Technical Details

• Synonyms: EDR peptide, Glu-Asp-Arg, H-Glu-Asp-Arg-OH, L-glutamyl-L-aspartyl-L-arginine, Pinealon acetate
• Modified Single-Letter Sequence: EDR (no modified residues; free N-terminus and free C-terminus)
• IUPAC Condensed: H-Glu-Asp-Arg-OH
• Molecular Formula: C₁₅H₂₆N₆O₈
• Molecular Weight: 418.40 g/mol (free peptide; commonly supplied as the acetate salt)
• CAS Number: 175175-23-2
• PubChem CID: 10273502
• Further References: PubChem

Stability and Storage

Store lyophilised peptide at −20 °C. After reconstitution, aliquot the product to prevent repeated freeze–thaw cycles.
Reconstituted peptide may be stored at 4 °C for short-term use.
The lyophilised peptide remains stable until the expiry date when kept at −20 °C.

Source and Reconstitution

Source: Chemical synthesis (solid-phase peptide synthesis)
Reconstitution: Reconstitute with Bacteriostatic Water

Usage

Product is intended for laboratory research only.
Pinealon for sale at Pure Peptides UK is limited to scientific research and educational purposes.
Only purchase Pinealon if you are a licenced researcher.

Images for illustration purposes only.

Conclusion

Pinealon sits at the intersection of several unresolved questions: how short peptides carry biological information, whether direct peptide interaction with DNA is a genuine regulatory mechanism, and how cellular resilience is determined at the level of gene expression and mitochondrial function. Its minimal, unmodified structure makes it an unusually clean experimental subject, and its size opens research routes that larger peptides cannot follow. As interest in bioregulation and neuronal ageing continues to build, Pinealon is likely to remain a reference compound in the field.

For research use only. Not approved for human or veterinary applications.